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Spring Term 2007: |
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This course promotes a better understanding of the societies of East Asia through the study of the conscious and unconscious making, perception and representation of their man-made forms, equally built, painted, sculpted or performed, both of the past as well as of the present. In addition, their attitudes towards and behaviour within the natural and man-made environment will be analized. Thus, the approach of this course will be historical and anthropological. It combines a history with an anthropology of architectural and urban form. |
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Main Theme : The Mandala |
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Session 1 INTRODUCTION : Natural Form: Natural Form: Geology - Climate - Population distribution; Video: Kathmandu Valley Cities as World Heritage Sites, Summer Seminar in Kathmandu; Xerox: map of India and MIT lecture series handout. Session 2 EARLY HISTORY : Rise of Hindu Civilization up to start of Muslim Culture ; Form: Slides of the Mandala Cities of South India: Shrirangam and Madurai; Video: NHK: Formation of the World of India; Xerox: Plans of Shrirangam and Madurai Session 3 MANDALA I : Introduction to its symbolism, ritual and belief; Form: Thangka, Mandala, and Yantra - Shumisen or Mt.Meru - Cosmic Mountain; Video: NHK: Bhutan: Mandala Rituals; Xerox: plan of Patan in Nepal... Session 4 MANDALA II : Polarity and flow of energy; Form: Slides of sun/moon, right/left and chakra symbolism in the human body; Video: Sugiura Kohei: The Eye of the Sun and the Eye of the Moon; Xerox: Mt. Fuji Mandala, diagram of charkas, and the idas, conduits of energy in the human body. Session 5 MANDALA III : Center of the universe and of the human body: Mt. Meru or Shumisen, Cosmic Mountain; Form: discussion of the inverted pyramid form of Mt. Meru, deriving from the form of the lotos; Slides: Varanasi. Video: Sugiura Kohei: The Whole Universe in one's Hand; Xerox: Definition and examples of Mandalas, Thankas, Mudras and Yantras. Session 6 MANDALA IV : Sacred Numerology: the Seven Continents, the Seven Walls of Iron, the Seven Heavens, the seven Chakras, the Seven Layers of the Human Body; Video : Sugiura Kohei : To Imbibe the Universe; Xerox: My own interpretation of the Mandala: process of creation versus process of meditation. Session 7 HINDU SANCTUARIES I : Form: sacred mountain seen from outside; Slides: development of the stupa/dagoba/pagoda in East Asia; Video: NHK: Borobodur on Java, Indonesia; Xerox: plan and section of Borobudur; Hindu Temples in Nagara and Dravidian style; the stupa of Sanchi. Session 8 HINDU SANCTUARIES II : Form: sacred cave when experienced from inside; Slides: caves of Ajanta, Ellora, Elephanta; Video: NHK: Ajanta Caves; Xerox: plan of Elephanta caves. Session 9 HINDU SANCTUARIES III : Form: composite of a mountain and a cave; Nagara Style of North India Temples versus Dravidian Style of South India; Slides of Case Studies: Shore temple of Mahaballipuram near Madras and Khajuraho and Konarak in the North; Video: NHK: Temples of Khajuraho; Xeroxes: plan and section of Mahaballipuram and Khajuraho. Session 10 MUGHAL ARCHITECTURE I : Form: Pointed Arch and Dome, the dominating form in Indian architecture from the 10th century on; Slides: typical mosque and typical mausoleum, case studies of the Indian PALACE CITY: Jaipur and Udaipur; Video: NHK: Transformation of Southeast Asia under Mughal Influence; Xeroxes: historic chart of Mughal architecture and urban planning, isometric sketches of mosque and mausoleum, townplan of Jaipur. Session 11 MUGHALARCHITECTURE II : Form: Great Synthesis of Moslem and Hindu architecture; Slides: case study: Fatepur Sikri planned by Akbar, Taj Mahal designed by Shah Jahan; Xeroxes: plans and section of Fatepur Sikri and the Taj Mahal; Video: NHK: Taj Mahal. Session 12 MUGHAL ARCHITECTURE III : Form: The Castle City; Slides: the castles of Agra and Old Dehli, case studies of castle cities in the desert: Jodhpur and Jaiselmeer; Video: NHK: Camel festival of the desert at Pushkar; Xeroxes: plans and detail of the urban plan and dwellings and mansions of the desert city of Jailselmer. Session 13 NEPALESE ARCHITECTURE : Form: Palace Cities in the Kathmandu Valley; Slides: planning principles, historic growth and individual architecture of Patan, Bhaktapur, Kathmandu; Video: NHK: Festivals and Religious Buildings in the Kathmandu Valley; Xeroxes: plan of cities and layout of their city centers. |
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Autumn Term 2007 / 2008 : |
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This course promotes a better understanding of the societies of East Asia through the study of the conscious and unconscious making, perception and representation of their man-made forms, equally built, painted, sculpted or performed, both of the past as well as of the present. In addition, their attitudes towards and behaviour within the natural and man-made environment will be analized. Thus, the approach of this course will be historical and anthropological. It combines a history with an anthropology of architectural and urban form. |
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Main Theme : feng-shui |
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Session 1 INTRODUCTION : Form: Geology - Climate - Population distribution, History: Rise of Chinese Civilization up to -200, City: First Archetype of Imperial City: importance of center. Video: NHK 12, The Rise of the First Emperor, Handouts: Historical charts of Chinese Urbanism, map of China, earliest diagram of Chinese capital. Session 2 FIRST EMPEROR : History: First Unification of China as a whole in 200 B.C., City: Hsian Yang, Capital of the Qin Empire, - the second archetype of the Chinese capital, importance of north; Form: mausoleum of the First Emperor. Video: The Dream of Eternal Youth and Immortality of the First Emperor, Handouts: plans of capitals of Changan and Loyang of Han Dynasty (206-220 BC.), of the City of Yeh of Wei Dynasty (220-265), and of Loyang of Northern Wei Dynasty (386-534). Session 3 TANG DYNASTY : Cities: Changan and Loyang of Sui/Tang Dynasty (600-900). Form: Third archetype of Imperial City: double cities; Video: NHK 12, Sui-Tang Era, Handouts: plans and descriptions in Japanese of Tang-Dynasty Changan and Loyang. Session 4 SONG CULTURE AND MONGOL INVASION : Cities: Northern Song: Kaifeng, Southern Song: Linan (Hangzhou), Jin: Zhongdu, Mongol Dynasty: Dadu. Form: Enshukaku, the central building of Kublai Khan's Palace at Dadu: a silver storage. Video: <Kublai Khan's Daito>, Handouts: plans of Kaifeng and Linan. Session 5 BEIJING IN MING AND QING DYNASTY : Cities: growth and change from Dadu, Nanjing to Beijing. Form: Cosmic Sacred City - geomancy of the capital as a whole, spatial order and symbolism of the Outer-Inner City, Imperial and Forbidden City. Video: Forbidden Palace (short version of 9 minutes), and Chinese Civilization 11: Ming Era: Records of the Forbidden Palace, Handouts: plans of Beijing and layout of the Imperial Palace. Session 6 CASE STUDY : Suzhou, canals and back-lanes. Video: Tadao Ando: Suzhou - Water as Life; History: development through 2500 years; Handouts: Song era city plan; plans, sections and elevations of Suzhou town-houses. Session 7 CASE STUDY : Hue, the Capital of former Vietnam - Form: Palace for the Living, a palace for the heart, and Palace for the Dead, a palace for the soul. Video: Tadao Ando: <Hue, Ancient Capital of Vietnam>; Handouts: plans of Vietnam palaces. Session 8 FENG-SHUI - PART I : Cosmological Aspects of Sino-Japanese geomancy: Principles: Heaven is round, and Earth is square; case study: Temple of Heaven in Beijing; Case study: planning of Taipei. Video: Bill Moyers: <Qi-Gong, Healing and the Mind>, Handouts: Temple of Heaven, basic geomancy diagrams. Session 9 FENG-SHUI - PART II : Principles: Yin/Yang Complementarity of all Phenomena, Go-gyo, Five Evolutive Phases; Case study: Ming-tang, Hall of Cosmic Calendar. Video: <Chinese Medical Herbs : The search for Tochu-cha in Setchuan>, Handouts: diagrams of yin/yanhg, gogyo and Ming-tang. Session 10 FENG-SHUI - PART III : Principles: Hakke, Eight Trigrams in Former and Later Heaven Sequence, Ten-kan Chiji Ten Heavenly Stems and 12 Earthly Branches, Rokki Six Energetic Configuarations or 24-fold Subdivsion of the Agricultural Year. Formal Aspects of Sino-Japanese geomancy: Relation of energy and landform. Video: <UNESCO World Heritage Site: Chengde in Manchuria>. Session 11 CHINESE DWELLINGS : Principles: courtyard arrangement - ritual and everyday axis of the house - access; Case Studies: Dali, Kumming, Suzhou, Guilin; Video: Handouts: plans and sections of Suzhou town houses, diagram of growth systems. Session 12 THE CHINESE GARDEN I : Principles: Architecture in nature; Case Studies: Summer Palace in Beijing, - the large scale parklike imperial retreat gardens and pavillons. Video: <Yangtse-River as Cultural Highway to Japan>; Handouts: plans and sections of the Summer Palace in Beijing. Session 13 THE CHINESE GARDEN II : Principles; Nature in architecture; Case Studies: Suzhou: small-scale gardens in the townhouses of scholars and rich merchants. Video: Suzhou Gardens; Handouts: plans and sections of gardens within houses of Suzhou. |
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